EFFECT OF STEREOTYPES & OBSERVERS ON SPORTS PERFORMANCE 1 Running head: STEREOTYPES AND OBSEVER-PRESSURE IN ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE Manuscript in press at the Journal of Sports & Exercise Psychology The effects of stereotypes and observer-pressure on athletic performance
نویسندگان
چکیده
Although the effects of negative stereotypes and observer pressure on athletic performance have been well researched, the effects of positive stereotypes on performance, particularly in the presence of observers, is not known. In the current study, White males watched a video either depicting Whites basketball players as the best free throwers in the NBA (positive stereotype), Black basketball players as the best free throwers in the NBA (negative stereotype), or a neutral sports video (control). Participants then shot a set of free throws, during which half the participants were also videotaped (observer condition), whereas the other half were not (no observer condition). Results demonstrated that positive stereotypes improved free throw performance, but only in the no observer condition. Interestingly, observer pressure interacted with the positive stereotype to lead to performance decrements. In the negative stereotype condition, performance decrements were observed both in the observer and no observer conditions.
منابع مشابه
The effects of stereotypes and observer pressure on athletic performance.
Although the effects of negative stereotypes and observer pressure on athletic performance have been well researched, the effects of positive stereotypes on performance, particularly in the presence of observers, is not known. In the current study, White males watched a video either depicting Whites basketball players as the best free throwers in the NBA (positive stereotype), Black basketball ...
متن کاملWhen positive stereotypes threaten intellectual performance: the psychological hazards of "model minority" status.
Asian-American women's performance on a test of quantitative skill was studied as a function of whether their Asian, female, or individual identity was salient at the time of testing. In previous research, ethnicity salience was found to result in enhanced math performance among Asian women. However, the investigators relied on a subtle manipulation of ethnicity salience that likely did not inv...
متن کاملHow Stereotypes Stifle Performance Potential
In academic and organizational domains, performance measures are often used to assess achievement or aptitude. When certain groups of people systematically underperform on such measures, a common interpretation is that the groups differ in inherent ability. However, social psychological research over the past 15 years has documented a phenomenon called stereotype threat whereby subtle situation...
متن کاملRunning head: THREATENING INTELLECTUAL ENVIRONMENT A threatening intellectual environment: Why females are susceptible to experiencing problem-solving deficits in the presence of males
Does placing females in environments in which they have contact with males, cause them to experience deficits in problem-solving performance? Is a situational cue, such as gender composition, sufficient for creating a threatening intellectual environment for females-an environment that elicits performance-impinging stereotypes? To explore these questions, participants completed a difficult math...
متن کاملCreativity in care: The need for nursing today
The rise of emerging needs, the emergence of person-centered care, and the departure of care from conventional academic stereotypes, raises the need for evidence-based practice and efficient clinical reasoning in nursing. All this requires fluidity of mind and creativity in patient care. Given the importance of creativity in nursing care and its consequences at the individual and organizational...
متن کامل